Genetics of the Mind
- Lafyva
- May 24, 2020
- 3 min read
Updated: 6 days ago
IQ tests generally are reliable enough that most people 10 years of age and older have similar IQ scores throughout life.[14]
Imagination is the fuel which keeps the fire of intellect burning.
Intellect as distinct from Openness: differences revealed by FMRI of working memory.
Big-Five Model
Level of general intelligence showed no relation to acute or chronic stress levels as well as acute stress reactivity. The differences in various groups of GI and EI had no effect on the baseline and post stress performance on Sternberg memory test and all the three conditions of Stroop test.
On the contrary general intelligence has shown no significant correlation with the stress level.
Among adults, the male advantage is 0.33d equivalent to 5 IQ points.
Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L
The variation in FNBP1L was significantly associated with
childhood intelligence. This gene was previously associated with
adult intelligence.6
By10 years of age, children have undergone substantial development in cognition
likely corresponding to the brain reaching near adult size and weight by that time.
A canonical trajectory of executive function maturation from adolescence to adulthood
Taken together, this work identifies a canonical non-linear developmental trajectory of executive function maturation that generalizes across datasets and assessments, with rapid age related change from late childhood to early adolescence (10–15 years old), small but significant changes in mid-adolescence (15–18 years old), before stabilizing to adult levels in late adolescence (18–20 years old).
AI Overview
According to recent research, executive function maturation follows a consistent pattern across different datasets and assessments, showing a rapid development phase during late childhood to early adolescence (ages 10-15), followed by smaller but still significant changes in mid-adolescence (ages 15-18), and finally stabilizing to adult levels by late adolescence (ages 18-20).
Key points about this trajectory:
Rapid development in early adolescence:
The most significant increase in executive function occurs between ages 10 and 15.
Gradual changes in mid-adolescence:
While not as dramatic as the earlier phase, there are still noticeable improvements in executive function during the 15-18 year range.
Stabilization in late adolescence:
By late adolescence (around 18-20 years old), executive function generally reaches adult levels and shows minimal further development.
This pattern is considered a "canonical trajectory" for executive function maturation, meaning it provides a standard reference point for studying individual differences in cognitive development across different populations and assessments.
The General Factor of Personality
The G Factor
The K Factor
Fluid and Crystallized intelligence
According to David Geary, gf and gc can be traced to two separate brain systems. Fluid intelligence involves both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and other systems related to attention and short-term memory. Crystallized intelligence appears to be a function of brain regions that involve the storage and usage of long-term memories, such as the hippocampus.
Cattell's Investment Theory
SD-IE
Complexity and compositionality in fluid intelligence
The question that might be raised involves the degree to which
a test can ever be perfectly unbiased
Personality differences in gifted versus non-gifted individuals: A three-level meta-analysis
"Human personality is 30–60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies."
"We explained 50–58% of the heritability of human character and replicated our results in independent samples, thereby accounting for nearly all the heritability expected from twin studies." Finnish Sample
"In the 1950s it was widely agreed by both experts and the informed public that intelligence was something that could be measured by IQ tests, and that both the genetic endowment of the individual and his or her environment played a role in differences in measured intelligence."
"But the American mood had shifted by the end of World War II, and the emphasis on merit coexisted uneasily with a growing consensus among both the public and professionals that ability was equally distributed among all groups and social classes."
"During the 1960s and 1970s this view came under sharp attack. IQ tests were condemned as biased against both minorities and the poor. It was asserted that we do not know what intelligence is; that whatever it is, we do not know how to measure it, and that individual differences in intelligence, however measured, are primarily, if not entirely, a function of nurture rather than genetic endowment." https://www.gwern.net/docs/iq/1988-snyderman-theiqcontroversythemediaandpublicpolicy.pdf
In the 1960s, culture-only theory formed the basis for implementing “Head Start”-type intervention programs as a way to eliminate the group differences in IQ and scholastic achievement. Although federal matching grants were given to improve the learning skills, social skills, and health status of low-income preschool children so that they could begin schooling on an equal footing with their more advantaged peers, the mean Black–White group difference in IQ was not eliminated or permanently reduced.
The Skinny on Brains: Size Matters
